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Chirality or Epicycle
What makes your brain tick?
According to researchers, the parts of your body, if you don't use it you lose
it, particularly your brain, the more you use it the more logical and brainier you
are. Could that be true?
Is it Chirality or Epicycle in Nature?
Is it handedness, a human attribute due to unequal distribution of motor neuron
skills between our left and right hands?
Or are we the result of evolution by natural selections that we favour the
guidance of nature?
Not so long ago, we still sincerely believe that our planets move in epicycles
(geocentric or right-handed rule from Earth point of view), to explain the
retrograde of motions in our universe - that we were the centre of them all.
And suddenly we look at historical art works and drawings by the polymaths,
and we started to question if these guys had observed that if nature is ambidextrous or asymmetry.
Mirror image by Leonardo de Vinci
Once we had to study these guys work through a mirror, now we can rotate,
flip or invert their works in our PC, and even skew the colour and shade, we
are stunted by the asymmetric mirror images and the ambidexterity in their
works.
Mirror image by Michelangelo
Empirical research indicated that nearly 90% of us are
right-handed, and the rest are left-handed, except the few are ambidextrous. But
human nature dictates that even left-handers had to develop their motor skills
to cope with modern time devices and combat needs or for survival.
And in nature, almost all climbing plants wind in right-handed helices, yet the mirror
image of climbing plants in nature is hardy seen. Even snails or molluscs shell
wind in the form of right-handed helices (apart from the few exception of
course). Is nature trying to tell us something?
The asymmetry of biological molecule is crucially important to organic life
form, example of such as the molecules in a chemical used to cure morning
sickness in expectant mothers to be, and the mirror image of that molecules
‘thalidomide’ causes defective foetus growth in womb without limbs.
Yet nature seems to favour right-handedness, even in science and in maths, such
as the right-handed rule is the vectors in three dimensions, and even
electromagnetic waves or eddy currents seem to loop right-handed from Earth
point of view.
Yet the roles of electric and magnetic fields interchanges
-- the directions of an induced magnetic (or electric) field is always at right
angles to a changing electric (or magnetic) field.
The significance of the mirror images with handedness and the asymmetry in
biological molecule is crucially important to organic life forms, even the DNA
molecule is also a right-handed double helix, and most of the amino acids
(almost 19 out of 20) that made up the proteins in us came in two forms, which
are mirror images of each other.
But, the two halves of our brain control our motions - with the left halves of
our brain controlling the right halves of our body, and the right halves control
our left. Also our left halves of the brain control our power of thoughts, while
the right halves control our emotions. Why this cross over?
I have noticed it myself, while I am thinking hard, and therefore the left
halves of my brain is in control, than I tend to look to the right. Is logic
innate in us with ion signals curved like helix?
Aesthetic painters or polymaths demonstrated nature's handedness with their
works, were these observations educated gifts or gifted by nature that had
extended into savant cognition abilities in their works?
The objects painted by these guys demonstrated the handedness (or chirality in
the mirror image) changed from left to right or right to left handedness, that
they can't be better educated than us today?
Chirality is a subtle geometric isomerism which differs from each other in the
same way that our left hand differs from our right hand. Although similar in
appearance, our left and right hands are not exactly alike, as we had
discovered, when we put on the wrong handed glove which never fitted well.
Were these polymaths telling us that nature is ambidextrous, that they had
observed a one handedness of chirality in nature predominated life forms, as
many of the historical paintings and drawings when seen in the mirror should not
exist in the empirical logics.
There are many striking examples of asymmetry in the polymaths’ works, such as
the mirror symmetry of hands and faces, and the bilateral symmetry in paintings
of the human body. Did these guys understand nature's underlying asymmetry more
than today's scientists?
Body by Leonardo de Vinci
Only in recent years scientists started to question if nature embedded asymmetries in
the fundamental laws of physics, when they noticed that the
proteins made up in us came in two forms which are mirror images of each other.
The significance of the mirror images with handedness is cunningly similar, again unexpected empirical
research had shown that one form of the chemical molecules limonene,
a form of hydrocarbon, smells like oranges and that the mirror image
molecules smells like lemon.
Strangely enough, researchers discovered that the enzyme horse-radish
peroxidase (HRP) is selectively taken up by axon terminals in a retrograde
motion to the soma. The ability of HRP to amplify weak signal connections
in the brain is extensively used.
The combination of alleles or a set of genes favoured the penetrance in nature such as polydactyl, a
congenital disorder consisting of supernumerary fingers or toes on
vertebrates, where a set of genes present at birth also gave Homo sapiens six fingers,
though uncommon.
And from neuroscience, we knew that an extra copy of chromosome 21 in a
foetus will disrupt normal gene expression during brain development, the
result is Down's syndrome.
Empirical research on traits and genes indicated that tattoos cannot be
inherited by new born as its traits, but there are genes or set of genes may
dictate whether one will be born with ambidexterity.
Such genes also dictate whether one will
be born with brown or blue eyes, and freckles on the skin, or born with
colour blindness, the genetic defects for example are all genes related.
As a matter of fact, most vertebrates are by nature right-handedness,
research indicated that vertebrates in the wild (our close cousins) also favour
right-handedness; we perceive them ambidextrous due to survivals dictate.
To discount the co-incidences that the mirror images shown in historical
art works demonstrated nature's ambidextrous understanding in them, raise the
question about these polymaths, that if their understandings of nature were
by observations or innate ideas.
Is Talent genes related?
The DNA molecule researchers seem to suggest that there was a substantial
genetic overlap between maths and reading skills, or between maths and
general intelligence that was once linked between aesthetic and autistic.
Initial research suggest 50-100 different DNA
markers involved could play the maths genes role, could artistic talent came
from genes too?
There are many forms of savant abilities and the most common forms involve
mathematical calculations, memory feats, artistic abilities and musical
talents etc, does reinforce the links between nature and nurture.
However, some individual autistic adults display spectacular eidetic
imagery (or photographic memory) feats are extraordinary. Children born with
eidetic imagery ability are known but after their adolescence are rare.
We knew that the brain function depends on the highly precise synaptic
connections in the elaborated architectures of the neuron dendritic trees, which
are formed during the fetal periods and are refined during infancy and early
childhood.
The dendrites of retarded children had many fewer dendritic spines, and
the spines that they did have were unusually long and thin. The extent of the
spine changes was well correlated with the degree of mental retardation, and
reflects the failure of normal circuits to form in the brain.
For years, there been vigorous debate about whether the ability to
do sums is a specific skill. Those who are good at maths also tend to have
good musical skills and spatial awareness, but scientists are not sure why,
that is enough to sent alarm bells to autistic art investors, because
chromosome abnormalities have been implicated in autism.
Is Artistic talent came from genes too?
Art works created by known artists with inherited colour deficiencies or
autistic artists implicated with chromosome abnormalities suddenly being
regarded as inherited anomalies works without fundamental symmetry patterns.
The thoughts of being nearly 1 in 10 of us are having minor forms of
partial colour deficiencies inherited, and the many outsider (autistic)
artists, showing spectral line anomalies in their drawings due to eye-brain
coordinates, sent shockwaves to private art collectors.
Though, outsider paintings on architectural, cityscapes, monuments and buildings etc were of
no known difference with aesthetic artists.
However, research did indicated that no outsider art works embedded schools
of thought in their works, perhaps help to explain why in recent years art
investors prefer contemporary works by living artists.
Researchers now want to see if they can define the DNA markers more
clearly only served to enforce the thoughts that science, maths and artistic
talents were genes related that nature embedded a fundamental asymmetry
pattern of ambidextrous rules in our genetic evolution.
And neuron researchers (and psychologists) await DNA markers which might
throw scientific understanding to memory or cognition on savant abilities.
Could Magnetite particles play a part?
Many research projects investigate how to induce hibernation on humans with
neuron engineering, since scientists had confirmed that we
still possess magnetite particles as the rest of organic life form, does
indicate that magnetite domains play a part.
Recent scientific observations indicated that herds of animal align to
magnetic field line (head-tail or tail-head) directions while feeding in the
field. Further reinforce the theory that nature is base on digital logic, that the universe can be
programmed.
The hypothesis of magnetite domains align to polarity is synonymous to
spikes in magnetic platter where grain particles represent programmable
magnetite domains. Grain particles solve spike polarity problems as each grain
became 0s & 1s bit codes.
And the complex vitamin B12 structure contains the biochemically rare
cobalt element; where the magnetic platter also uses cobalt based alloy
grain particles. Is that a co-incidence?
B12 is a collection of cobalt in a complex Corrin-ring molecule structure
(consisting of 4-pyrrole subunits) synthesized by bacteria, for the
normal functioning of our brain and nervous system.
Where the membrane of our nerve cell is drape with dynamically regulated
cytoskeleton elements of microtubules, microfilaments, and neurofilaments,
giving the neuron its characteristic shape, critical for information
processing.
It is therefore no surprise that a devastating loss of brain function can
result when the cytoskeleton of neurons is disrupted, an example of which is
the
Alzheimer's disease.
In bacterial cells, proteins create and regulate the magnetosomes in
a complex cytoskeleton chain form structure, this point to evidence that
magnetite domains play a part in our genetic evolution. And may allow
computing bit codes to be simulate along neurone cytoskeleton chain form
structure which outperforms existing computing logic.
Chirality
In particle physics, the idea of mirror matter came from the interactions of
the known elementary particles, such as the electrons, protons and neutrinos
violate mirror symmetry -- they have left-handedness interactions. The
natural law governing the decay of particles and antiparticles at slightly
different rates indicated an asymmetry was built-in.
And the law of quantum dictates the direction of an induced magnetic (or
electric) field is always at right angles. Is that a co-incidence? What significance of
this change in magnetic field which induce a change in the electric field interactions
have (if any) in nature, a mirror symmetry law for energy conservation?
In molecular geometry, electron pairs repel each other more
strongly when forming 90° angle to central particle than when the angle
is larger, and tend to minimize the number of 90° repulsions with bonding
electron pairs.
And what we call a proton is nothing more than their quarks rushing around,
quarks tend to glue to one another strongly in threesomes. Where a proton has
one unit of positive charge, an up quark has 2/3 positive and a down has 1/3
negative. Two ups and one down makes a proton (2/3 + 2/3 - 1/3 = 1), and two
downs and one up add to zero charge (2/3 - 1/3 - 1/3 = 0), which is a neutron.
These experimental facts motivate the ideas that mirror particles exist, the
right-handedness particles could balance the left-handedness mirror particles.
Hence mirror reflection symmetry could exist but require profoundly new thinking -- the quest for mirror matter in the
universe is the scientific case for the existence of dark matter.
There is a range of fascinating evidence for its existence
including astronomical observations suggesting that most of our galaxy is made
from a new form of matter - dark matter.
And the puzzling claim by some researchers that near Jupiter, spacecrafts
being mysteriously slowed down, when passing through that part of the solar
system.
Nevertheless, mirror or dark matter if meant the same thing should existed,
would signal an asymmetric logic in programming life forms on Earth and in the Universe.
Or have we favoured the guidance of natural science that we failed to see
nature's logic in asymmetry and the handedness that the universe can be program
or indeed nature is base on asymmetric logics?
Even the axon in our nerve cell, usually gives rise to a single axon of
uniform diameter throughout its length, and if an axon has to branch, the
branches usually extends at right angles.
Electro-chemical properties change when confined in a nano-structure of a
cytoskeleton chain form of nerve cells, the properties of ions and electrons
change and move differently. To understand all that multiple disciplines are needed.
The study of Chirality throw off more questions than answers, one of
the puzzle being man-made radiation since the 1940s, that those who had suffered
the same lethal dosage of radiation die within days while few last longer.
Could those sufferers' magnetite particles re-aligned (inverted) the chain
forms or truncate (symmetry breaking) to avoid cell death, while most can't re-align as the rest of organic life form?
Also archaeobacteria can tolerate extreme environments and can turn inorganic
molecules into energy, though bacterium types share single circle of DNA
genome.
The question of dormancy (diapause and hibernation) also puzzled researchers, during
high periods of cosmic rays, many life forms adopt dormancy, as well as when food or water
shortages, such as mud fish. An adaptation trait to mitigate cell mutations
or survivals dictates?
The phenomenon of embryonic diapause (or delayed implantations) was survival
dictate. For even seeds been dried up for two thousand years growth again when conditions
favoured. Dormancy triggers different stages of metabolic cessations in both
vertebrates and invertebrates.
And in a palindrome prime (or pal-prime), the prime numeral is also a
commutator sequence in a double stranded DNA, where the 5' to 3' end prime is the commutator in
the 3' to 5' end sequence, but does that mean programming the universe, one must
code in functional commutator (reversible) logic which can be truncate?
Commutator logic was the base in early computer development, where plug board
switches as program storage, before programmable ROM memory was
invented.
Now that scientists have identified that proteins responsible for creating the
magnetosomes along a cytoskeleton structure even in bacterial cells, this points
to evidence that genetics regulate such complex chains.
The simplexes of nature is synonymous with the mathematics of disorder, the
tendency of simplex polymeric forms generate the most complexes secret decoding in life.
How this simplex generate such complexes sequence of coding with just four
types of monomeric units, entirely encoded these monomers chirality linkages, and
constitutes a form of biological information so synonymously with our 0s & 1s
bit codes, yet prevented us the logics in decoding life forms.
Chirality or Epicycle
The Pythagoreans fraternity thrived on the mathematics of nature by using dots
has a logarithmic true in the chirality of nature.
The spiral arms of our galaxies for example, where the
angles of the spiral pitch and move at a fixed point and constant speed along a
line of rotation.
Barred spiral galaxies are common sights now, the
hypothesis of chirality in nature is based on the understanding of the directions
of magnetic (and electric) field at right angles to changing electric (and
magnetic) field -- the roles of electric and magnetic fields interchange.
The Pythagoras triangular dots system, starting with 1
but limits the dots with a fixed sequence of 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36,
45, 55, 66, 78, 91, 105 ... in
that odd & even order has a logic.
Without the dot limitation, the sequence of the triangular numbering is set
in a frequency pattern as used in music notes (rhythm) as well as in Morse code
or
nerve impulse,
starting with 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,128, 256 ... a doubling order, hence the 0s &
1s programming bit code.
A frequency like pattern of information signals encoded in fixed size and
duration of individual neurons, as distributed by the number of neurons firing
action potentials in a given nerve impulse, such discharge constitute the code
used by neurons.
This binary fission like triangular dot pattern takes the
form, starting with 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255 ... orders clearly place a
length limit on the 0s & 1s bit code, and than nature had
to have a limit.
As in meiosis, nature places a limit on each binary fission cycles in
gamete-genesis and in zygote cell division to about 100 cells, then suddenly
stops beyond a certain point of accumulation, the periodicity gives way to the
chaos theory of order which is stable and structured. An increase in this mitotic rate of
growth became cancer. And in plants, nature places a limit to the number of
leaves and petals on each embryogenesis cycles as in dicots and in monocot or
eudicots.
Nature also places a limit to the number of atoms in the universe, starting
from hydrogen with one proton and goes up to uranium at 92 with an increasing
mass as revealed in the
periodic table. When a spiral galaxy's central hydrogen has all been converted
into helium (with two neutrons), the core is pulled inwards (as in meiosis)
squeezing the helium nuclei to create twice the electric charge of hydrogen.
Atoms of a particular element can exist in other variants called isotopes, with
different number of neutrons, carbon-14 for example is radioactive.
A century ago, the very existence of atoms was controversial, but today
quantum logic almost accounts for every details; how atoms behave in a precise
mathematical ways when light is emitted or absorbed, and how molecules bond
atoms together.
Chirality linkages of monomers as in DNA sequencing, where the 5' to 3'
end prime is the commutator in the 3' to 5' end mirror symmetry;
also these numbers indicate the directions where replication occurs, and is
'read' in the 3' to 5' end prime of the opposite strand to complement (to grow)
in the 5' to 3' end helix directions.
And the ancient Chinese triangular adding pattern (Yang Hui triangle) takes the form of
mirror symmetry, as well as the Pythagoras triangular dots sequence, does imply an interchange
role in the 0s & 1s, that the universe can be program, the reversible
functional logic can be truncate, and the coding logic in 0s & 1s
need not be unlimited in length.
Author
©Copyright
13/08/2010
All rights reserved.
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Sources:
(1)
Biophysics Vol. 89, 1992, Magnetite Bio-Mineralization in the Human Brain.
(2) Neuroscience
The asymmetrical human brain where the dominant
hemisphere controls
language, mathematical, and analytical functions, and the handedness, also
receives sensory signals from the opposite half of the body.
The brainstem which attaches to the spinal cord has two
major nerve fibre crossings (or decussations), the corticospinal decussation is
where chemical synapse neuron signals that provide the basis for non-neuronal
cells (or glands) and voluntary motor functions to the opposite side of the
body.
The crossing of the axons in the medulla explains why
the cortex of one side of the brain controls movements on the opposite side of
the body.
Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within
the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that
underlie perception and thought, and allow the nervous system to connect to and
control other systems of the body.
A pattern of information signals encoded in fixed size
and duration of individual neurons constitute the code, is distributed by the number of neurons
firing action potentials in a given nerve impulse. Such action potentials are
caused by depolarization of the membrane beyond threshold.
When the nerve impulse is at rest, the cytosol (or
intracellular salty fluid) along the inside surface of the membrane has a negative
electrical charge compared to the outside, but in an action potential, an
instant reversal took place in a thousandth of a second, the inside of the
membrane surface became positively charged with respect to the outside.
By deduction logic, intracellular fluid contains H2O
molecules in an uneven distribution of electrical charge. Shared electrons
likely associate with lone oxygen than the hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the lone
oxygen must acquire a net negative charge (because it has extra electrons), and
became anion with a negative pole which tend to face the net positively charged
hydrogen ions.
In an action potential, the poles in the fluid with
sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions, and the
potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) ions cause the inside
surface of the membrane fluid reversal of the discharge, the membrane itself is a
phospholipids bi-layer structure. Ions are the major charge carriers involved in
the conduction of electricity in biological systems, including neurons.
When the inside of the membrane has a negative
electrical potential, there is a large driving force on Na+ ions to
rush into the cell through the open sodium channels, causing the membrane to
rapidly depolarize.
As a result, there is a great driving force on K+
ions to rush out of the cell through the open channels, causing the membrane
potential to become negative again.
The nerve cells of the brain generate electrical
impulses that fluctuate rhythmically in distinct alpha wave patterns, but when
the brain is excited, this alpha wave pattern is replaced by a low-voltage
irregular and rapid wave patterns. Also during sleep (and in deep coma), the
brain waves became extremely slow.
Scientists have since identified that proteins act
as magnets to attract nerve cells to each side of the brain were responsible for the
two halves development that causes it to become asymmetrical, a property that is
critical in allowing the two hemispheres
to specialize and operate more efficiently.
(2a) Some theory suggests that the brain has its own
map of the body regardless of nerve endings and continues to work with the map
even a person loses their limbs.
(3) Neel spikes tend to align in opposite
magnetization, thus magnetic platter uses cobalt based alloy particles, where grain particles
solve spike polarity problems as each grain then became 0s & 1s bit codes.
The complex vitamin B12 structure contains the
biochemical rare element cobalt, and is a collection of cobalt and Corrin-ring
molecules (consisting of 4 pyrrole subunits) synthesized by bacteria. Vitamin
B12 plays a key role in the normal functioning of
the brain and nervous system.
Also archaeobacteria can turn inorganic molecules into
energy and can tolerate extreme environments.
(4) Max Planck Institute Advanced Publication 2005.
Scientists have identified that proteins responsible for creating the
magnetosomes along a cytoskeleton structure, this points to evidence that
genetics regulate such complex chains exactly even in bacterial cells.
(5) From personal observations and studies, most vertebrates are by nature
right-handedness, we perceive them ambidextrous due to survivals dictate.
(6) Apart from abstract art works, the study in
embedded school of thoughts does re-enforce the old adage that a picture says a
1000 words.
(7) In molecular geometry, electron pairs repel each
other more strongly when forming 90° angle to central particle than when the
angle is larger, and tend to minimizes the number of 90°
repulsions with bonding electron pairs.
(8) The question of dormancy (diapause or hibernation) to conserve surplus life-stock as well as
long space exploration journey to far away stars.
Dormancy trigger different
stages of metabolic cessations in both vertebrates and invertebrates.
The phenomenon of embryonic diapause (or delayed
implantations) where survivals dictate were evidence in arthropods, insects
often respond to unfavourable conditions by remaining in larval stages for
extended period, only emerge as adults when conditions improve.
(9) A palindrome numeral is a 'symmetrical' number
which remains the same when the digits are reversed, the term palindrome refer
to words which remain unchanged under reversal of its letters, e.g. rotor,
tenet.
The palindrome numbers are (in decimal): 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 22, 33, 44,
55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181 etc, these
numbers were mainly for recreational mathematics, typical palindrome numbers
that possess certain properties are:
Palindrome primes 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 101, 131, 151 etc.
Palindrome square numbers 1, 4, 9, 121, 484, 676, 10201, 12321 etc.
(10) The concepts of commutator logic was applied in
early computer development using plug boards (or control panel) via switches as
program storage, before ROM program memory was invented.
(11) Chirality linkages of monomers as in DNA
sequencing, where the 5' to 3' end prime is the commutator in the 3' to 5' end mirror symmetry;
also these numbers indicate the directions where replication occurs, and is
'read' in the 3' to 5' end prime of the opposite strand to complement (to grow)
in the 5' to 3' end helix directions.
If a base on the template strand says Guanine (3' end), then DNA polymerase adds a
Cytosine (5' end) to the growing complementary strand. The genes (biological
information) dictate what amino acids are produced, and the amino acids
determine which proteins are produced, and these sequences are highly conserved.
These sequence of coding with just four
types of monomeric units -- purine (Adenine 5' end to Thymine 3' end) and
pyrimidine (Cytosine 5' end to Guanine 3' end) nucleotides forming pairs in
which pyrimidines always join with purines, entirely encoded these monomers chirality linkages, and
constitutes a form of biological information.
And because each codon is 'spelled' by three bases, the
genetic code contains just 64 (43) different codons, the sequence of
bases dictates the formation of an amino acid, the building block for proteins,
according to a genetic code which applies to
all life forms on Earth, and the gene sequences have not changed for millennia.
And through the sequencing of genome, synthetic DNA
stands can be create and insert into the nucleus of an empty cell to create
synthetic organisms. Alternative genetic codes from synthetic DNA with 6
chemical sequence instead of the biological 4 monomeric units had been created.
Artificial (synthetic) bio organisms could provide reagents for drugs and
bio-fuel.
(12) Rhythm in musical notes, the chromatic scale which uses
all 12 notes (half steps) in the octave (an interval of 8 tones) as opposed to 8 used by the diatonic
scale.
(13) Morse code uses binary fission to the power of 5
(25)
for all 26 letters and punctuation marks, a power of 6 (26) would be an overkill.
(14) The Yang Hui mirror symmetry as in Pythagoras
triangular dots system, both place dot limits on the divisions.
(15) Cell division as in gamete-genesis and in zygote,
nature place a limit on each binary fission cycle. An increase in this mitotic
rate of growth became cancer.
The logic of cell division as in
gamete-genesis and in zygote, and the later stage of moulding body parts during
foetus development is equivalent to programs for 3D ball bearing wheel
printing, where genes programmed into the chemical fluids and ions.
Mantra:
You can't cure brain death but you can prevent it from dying.
What's the moral in these stories?
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